Política  Social y Clientelismo: La Creación del Perredismo en la Ciudad de México: 2001 -2006

Carlos Luis Sánchez y Sánchez

Authors

Carlos Luis Sánchez y Sánchez Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey

Keywords:

Social policy, Revolutionary Democratic Party, Responsible Party Model, Clientelism, Patronage, Mexico City

Abstract

During the period 2000-2006, the increase that underwent the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), in their levels of party identification in Mexico City, had no emotional significance such as the original theoretical formulation suggests is based towards a party membership (Campbell et.al., 1960). On the other hand, the development of the perredismo obeyed a logic of government performance based on the construction of support by way of social policy, which generated a schema of loyalty or partisanship rational that is based on parameters of assessment different to Fiona Morris (1981) has postulated and the model of Responsible Party Model.

The strategy of verification of this hypothesis, was based on an analysis at an aggregate level who contain, with its own database, verify the existence of a linear relationship between the independent variables of expenses in the four programs that included transfers of direct income and the perredismo in each of the 16 political delegations that divides Mexico City.

The base is built with data of the following programs: 1. Program of Assistant to Older Adults; 2. Program of Support to the Employment; 3. Scholarship Program, and 4. Program of Assistant to Handicap People, and have the data corresponding to the levels of perredismo of each year indexed by delegation from the data provided by the Research Department of Grupo Reforma.

With the purpose of verify the existence or the absence of linear relations between independent expenses variables and the perredismo, there is designed a model of regression in form of a panel that allowed a follow-up of the increase in levels of perredismo in the delegations (transverse units) along the time.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

Carlos Luis Sánchez y Sánchez, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey

División de Estudios de Posgrado, Programa Único de Especializaciones en Ciencias Políticas y Sociales; Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

References

Álcántara Saéz, M. (2004). ¿Instituciones o máquinas ideo- lógicas? Origen, programa y organización de los partidos políticos latinoamericanos. Barcelona: Institut de Ciencies Politiques i Socials.

Álcantara, M. (2008). Sistemas políticos de América Latina, vol. II, México, los países de América Central y del Caribe. Madrid: Tecnos.

Alesina, A. (1997). The Political Economy of High and Low Growth. Washington D.C.: World Bank.

Alesina, A.; G. Cohen, y N. Roubini (1992). “Macroeconomic Policy and Elections in OECD Economies”. Economics and Politics, 4: 1-30.

Beltrán, U. (2003) “Venciendo la incertidumbre: el voto re- trospectivo en la elección presidencial de julio de 2000”. Política y Gobierno 2, vol. X: 325-358.

Boix, C. (1996). Partidos políticos, crecimiento e igualdad. Estrategias económicas conservadoras y socialdemocrátas en la economía mundial. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.

Bruhn, K. (1997). Taking on Goliath. The Emergence of a New Left Party and the Struggle for Democracy in Mexico. University Park, Penn.: Pennsylvania State University Press.

Buendía Laredo, J. (2000). “El elector mexicano en los no- venta: ¿un nuevo tipo de votante?” Política y Gobierno 2, vol. vii: 317-352.

Burchardt, Hans-Jürgen (2008). “Desigualdad y democracia”. Nueva Sociedad 215 (mayo-junio): 79-94.

Castles, F. G. (1982). The Impact of Parties: Politics and Policies in Democratic Capitalist States. Londres/Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.

Cinta, A. (1999). “Uncertainty and Electoral Behavior in Mexi- co: A National Survey”. En Toward Mexico’s Democratization: Parties, Campaigns, Elections and Public Opinion, coordinado por Jorge I. Domínguez y Alejandro Poiré, 174-2002. Nueva York: Routledg.

Coppedge, M. (1998). “The Dynamic Diversity of Latin Ameri- can Party Systems”. Party Politics 4: 547-568.

Dalton, R.; S. Flanagan, y N. Beck (1985). Electoral Change in Advanced Industrial Democracy: Realignment or Dealignment? Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Dorussen, H. y H. D. Palmer (2002). “The Context of Eco- nomic Voting”. En Economic Voting, coordinado por H. Dorussen y M. Taylor, 1-14. Nueva York: Routledge.

Erikson, R.; M. B. Mackuen, y J. A. Stimson (2002). The Macro Polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). Three Worlds of Welfare Capital- ism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Gramacho, W. (2006). “Partidos políticos versus voto econó- mico. Unprimeranálisis comparado”. Avance de investigación. Universidadde Salamanca. Disponibleen:.

Gujarati, D. N. (2004). Econometría. México: McGraw Hill.

Huber, E. y J. D. Stephens (2001). Development and Crisis of the Welfare States: Parties and Policies in Global Markets. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kitschelt, H. y S. Wilkinson (2007). Patrons, Clients, and Policies. Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Klingemann, H. D.; R. I. Hofferbert, e I. Budge (1994). Parties, Policies and Democracy. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Luna, J. P. y E. J. Zechmeister (2005). “The Quality of Repre- sentation in Latin America”. Comparative Political Studies 2, vol. 38: 388-416.

Magaloni, B. (1999). “Is the pri Fading? Economic Perfor- mance, Electoral Accountability and Voting Behavior in the 1994 and 1997 Elections”. En Toward Mexico’s Democ- ratization: Parties, Campaigns, Elections and Public Opinion,coordinado por Jorge I. Domínguez y Alejandro Poiré, 203-236. Nueva York: Routledge.

Magaloni, B.; A. Díaz Cayeros, y F. Estévez (2007). “Clientelism and Portfolio Diversification: A Model of Electoral Investment with Applications to Mexico”. EnPatrons, Clients, and Policies. Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition, coordinado por H. Kitschelt y S. Wilkinson, 182-205. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Mainwaring, S. (2006). “The Crisis of Representation in the Andes”. Journal of Democracy3, vol. 17: 13-27.

Mainwaring, S. y T. Scully (2003). Christian Democracy in Latin America. Electoral Competition and Regime Conflicts. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Melucci, A. (1999). Acción colectiva, vida cotidiana y democracia. México: El Colegio de México/Centro de Estudios Socioló- gicos.

Moreno, A. (1997). “El uso político de las encuestas de opinión pública. La construcción de apoyo popular durante el go- bierno de Salinas”. En Encuestas y democracia. Opinión pública y apertura política en México, coordinado por R. Ai Camp. México: Siglo xxi Editores.

Morgenstern, S. y E. Zechmeister (2001). “Better the Devil You Know than the Saint You Don’t? Risk Propensity and Vote Choice in Mexico”. Journal of Politics 63 (1): 93-119.

Payne, M.; D. Zovatto; F. Carrillo, y A. Allamand (2003). La política importa: democracia y desarrollo en América Latina. Washington D. C.: Inter-American Development Bank/In- ternational Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.

Poiré, A. (1999). “Retrospective Voting, Partisanship, and Loyalty in Presidential Elections: 1994”. En Toward Mexico’s Democratization, coordinado por Jorge I. Domínguez y A. Poiré, 24-56. Nueva York: Routledge.

Poiré, A. (2000). “Un modelo sofisticado de decisión electoral racional: el voto estratégico en México 1997”. Política y Go- bierno 2, vol. vii: 353-382.

Powell, G. B. (1982). Contemporary Democracies: Participation, Stability, and Violence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Przeworski, A. (1985). Capitalismo y socialdemocracia. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.

Ruiz Rodríguez, L. y M. García Montero (2003). “Coherencia partidista en las élites parlamentarias latinoamericanas”. Re- vista Española de Ciencia Política 8: 71-102.

Sartori, G. (1996). Teoría de la democracia I. El debate contemporáneo. Madrid: Alianza Universidad.

Torcal, M. y P. K. Chhibber (1995). “Elites, cleavages y sistema de partidos en una democracia consolidada: España (1986- 1992)”. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas 69, 7-38.

Wooldridge, J. M. (2001). Introducción a la econometría. Un enfoque moderno. México: Thomson Learning.