Política, Globalidad y Ciudadanía

Innovation, Leadership, and Structural Challenges in Latin America: A Multidimensional Analysis

Gabriela Baltodano-García — 2024-06-30

In Latin America, the search for new alternatives for social progress has become increasingly relevant in the face of contemporary challenges confronting the region. From persistent issues such as economic and social inequality to emerging challenges like climate change and mass migration, Latin America stands at a crossroads where innovation and sustainability are crucial (Ramos, 2020). These issues affect the well-being of millions of citizens, testing the ability of governments and institutions to adapt and effectively respond to their demands (Gómez, 2019). In this context, the region needs to explore and develop initiatives that foster economic growth, comprehensively address social disparities, and promote the inclusion of marginalized groups. Investment in education, technology, and skills development will be essential to equip future generations with the tools needed to compete in a globalized and dynamic environment. Furthermore, governments must strengthen social and community fabric through public policies that serve as pillars of a robust and transparent democracy.

Is the existence of a glass ceiling perceived in Chilean municipalities?

Nancy Alarcón Henríquez — 2024-06-30

This study examines the perception of those holding managerial positions in the municipalities of the Llanquihue province, Chile, regarding the existence of vertical segregation and, specifically, the glass ceiling in their respective institutions. It investigates whether internal, external, and mixed barriers are perceived. The sample was convenience-based and consisted of 34 executives affiliated with 5 municipalities in southern Chile. Descriptive and inferential statistical procedures were used to analyze the quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire. The results reflect that, despite abundant empirical evidence of this type of segregation in public administration, there were no findings in this research to confirm such perception. Moreover, there are no significant differences between women and men regarding a higher perception among women of the existence of the glass ceiling, opening an interesting path for further analysis.

Educational Leadership based on Academic Productivity, Systematic Review of the Literature

Rodolfo Jiménez-León — 2024-06-30

The idea of academic productivity must be recognized in all its ideological breadth in the university community and emerging professors in Latin America. Our study allows us to determine the fundamental elements that drive knowledge workers to carry out their work tasks, identifying reference contexts to understand the phenomenon. A theoretical framework is presented based on the empirical evidence of the qualitative design. We resorted to a systematic review of the literature with the PRISMA 2000 method, with secondary sources: open access articles corresponding to the period from 2000 to 2024; books from prestigious publishers and other sources from 1934 to 2024. Following the protocol, 65 keywords were obtained generated by a deductive selection, where 17 dimensions structure the theoretical proposal. Our results respond to What is academic productivity? How are teachers favored over management and competition systems in university culture for social transformation? How is emotional intelligence increased through the culture of competition in the neoliberal turn to social transformation? It concludes with the importance of organizational management in an individualized and collective manner to increase effectiveness and efficiency in educational leadership.

The local elite of power and influence in the Puerto Montt community - Chile: two decades of changes

Pablo Jara Inostroza — 2024-06-30

The purpose of this article was to analyze the power and influence elite in the Puerto Montt community, the capital of the Region of the Lakes in Chile, its main characteristics, and how its composition has changed over a two-decade period (1996 - 2019). To do so, it followed the methodology proposed by the "Community Power Investigation'', particularly focusing on the positional and reputational approaches, which allow us to understand the composition and characteristics of the elite and its core, organized according to Parsons's AGIL Model. Notably, the study highlights the emergence of women, executives, professionals from companies, and social leaders in the new elite, displacing men, traditional figures, or representatives of religious creeds. It is concluded that the greater presence of individuals from the social and cultural sector stands out above those from the economic and political-administrative sectors in the new elite. Regardless, individuals from these sectors still maintain a significant presence in its core due to their key influence. Finally, there is an observed continuity in the variables of gender, with a majority of men; religion, with a catholic majority; and political orientation, where there is a majority of left-leaning individuals.

Diagnosis for Implementation of management information systems in SMEs of the Province of Tundama

Jhan Carlos Leon Osma — 2024-06-30

This study seeks to propose a method to implement Management Information Systems (GIS) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Tundama Province, located in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. Based on a diagnosis of GIS management in companies in the province, as well as the administrative and managerial guidelines established by them. A cross-sectional descriptive scope sequential explanatory design research methodology (DEXPLIS) was used, consisting of two stages: the first consists of the collection and analysis of quantitative data, while the second focuses on the collection and evaluation of qualitative data. As a result of this study, a diagnosis was made of the 171 participating SMEs in relation to the development, use, experiences, and implementation of GIS, with a focus on industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT). In addition, the relevant administrative and managerial factors were identified and determined. Based on these findings, a method was proposed that addresses the specific business needs of the Tundama province, with the aim of mitigating economic losses, reducing downtime, minimizing reprocessing, and retraining, and facilitating the incorporation of new companies in the use of IoT as administrative tools to improve organizational production processes such as billing, inventory management, accounting, collection accounts, among others.

Determining factors in Mexican skilled migration to the United States. A systematic review

Solangel González-Ahumada — 2024-06-30

The main objective of this article is to analyze the empirical scope within the scientific literature on the determining factors of Mexican skilled migration to the United States. Using the methodology of systematic reviews, searches were carried out for scientific articles published between 2013 and 2023, in Spanish and English. Through 5 electronic databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Google Scholar, Network of Scientific Journals of Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal (Redalyc), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). Within the search, Boolean operators AND and OR were used, including 90 studies published in indexed journals. In addition, specific criteria were used to select the research that described the profile of qualified Mexican migrant with undergraduate or graduate studies. For the final analysis, 9 studies were included, and the findings obtained through the available evidence indicate that the determining factors in Mexican qualified migration to the United States are mainly labor, economic, salary, due to structural weaknesses in science and technology and academics. Family indicators, insecurity and professional development were found less frequently.

Culture, innovation, and performance in Colombian manufacturing industry

Josue Vladimir Ramirez Tarazona — 2024-06-30

The general objective of the research from which this article emerges was to establish the relationship between the culture of innovation and organizational performance in the Colombian national industry. A descriptive correlational methodology was used with the Structural Equations technique that demanded the design and subsequent application of a maximum likelihood algorithm and based on the information obtained, processed by means of SPSS software and then in the modeling of the structural equations the LISREL application was used, it was obtained that there is no organizational innovation in the national manufacturing companies, and about the culture of innovation a significant correlation with all the coefficients considered for its measurement in the performance of the organization was verified.

When stability is not necessarily good. Notes on the Chilean party system in the years leading up to the social outbreak

Raúl Cerro Fernández — 2024-06-30

This paper set out to analyze whether the party system in Chile could be considered institutionalized and then to study its evolution from 2006 to 2019. It then sought to give another perspective on the stability that characterized the Chilean party system, since the coalitional alignments that occurred in the years of the dictatorship impacted the competitive dynamics of the post-transitional party system. For three decades, the political landscape was dominated by the center-left Concertación bloc and the right-wing bloc. Therefore, this paper conducted a detailed and specialized literature review on the Chilean case. What was determined is that although there was a high degree of stability, a relevant aspect in terms of the categorization of an institutionalized system, the citizenry was distancing itself from institutional politics because it felt that it did not respond to its demands. It had lost the capacity to permeate the citizenry. Thus, at the end of 2019 Chile experienced the social outburst, one of the main milestones in the recent history of the country, which meant the materialization of the total disengagement between the political elite and the citizenry.

Institutional strengthening of the communal action policy of Funza-Cundinamarca four-year period 2020-2023

Diana Marcela Castillo- Ortiz — 2024-06-30

The objective of this article is to obtain the perception of how the line of institutional strengthening is applied in the Municipality of Funza-Cundinamarca in the community action boards. A mixed analytical, deductive and action-based study was defined. A theoretical documentary review of the variables development strategy, community action, politics, training and institutionalization is carried out in journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, Redalyc, Latindex and institutional sources of the Government of Cundinamarca, where the importance of implementing the line of institutional strengthening was verified in the face of strategies, policies and programs in the JAC of the municipality that allow the contribution towards the development of the society, where the development of training actions that tend to improve the capacities of relation, formalization and political advocacy in the JAC is inferred.

Specialized family co-mediation and comprehensive care of children: reflections for its implementation

Rubinia Teresa Sandoval-Salazar — 2024-06-30

In this article, the general objective is to analyze the figure of co-mediation where the elements and characteristics are developed, as well as to analyze the role of the co-mediator where, through a legal hermeneutic investigation, the provisions of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States are analyzed, the Law of Alternative Mechanisms for the Resolution of Disputes for the State of Nuevo Leon, the Law Generaly on the Rights of Children and the Law on the Rights of Children for the State of Nuevo León. It showed some legal problems that required to be solved in order to give comprehensive care in childhood involved in the process. As a result, it is necessary to establish some methodological standards to apply the family co-mediation technique to guarantee the human rights of children y to preserve their best interests.

The economic scenario due to covid-19: a theoretical analysis from the macroeconomic perspective

José Iván Roncancio González — 2024-06-30

The impact of Covid-19 worldwide generated negative scenarios in the macroeconomic environment, which caused great damage to companies and society. For this reason, the government, companies and individuals implemented measures so that economic reactivation could occur in the short term. This research presents theories that allow us to analyze the impact of the pandemic, from a macroeconomic perspective, identifying behavioral behaviors and strategies to overcome the economic crisis. To this end, we start from a qualitative and descriptive approach research, with a documentary review based on a categorization scheme of content analysis with highlighted macroeconomic aspects, so that by analyzing some macroeconomic scenarios, it can be determined, among other aspects, high level of complexity to establish action plans regarding the sustainability and economic durability of the productive sectors, delve into relevant aspects of the social and economic behavior of individuals, economic measures by governments for economic reactivation aligned with all elements required health conditions, and that it is necessary to continue research to reduce levels of uncertainty with structured strategies to resolve the effects of the health crisis and generate safer global economic environments.