Key elements of socialism with Chinese characteristics: intellectual development up to Xi Jinping’s presidency

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29105/pgc9.17-09

Keywords:

Communist party of China, socialism of the 21st century, socialism with Chinese characteristics

Abstract

The doctrinal body of socialism with Chinese characteristics is made up of the ideological contribution of the political leaders of the People's Republic of China from Mao Zedong to Xi Jinping, in a flexible intellectual compendium, which without forgetting its roots has been able to adapt to the new needs of the country, combining elements of traditional Chinese knowledge, presenting a completely original interpretation of Marxism-Leninism. The purpose of this article is to expose and identify the elements that support the ideological model promoted by the Communist Party of China, through the documentary review of the speech of its leaders, according to what is contained in the volumes published by Foreign Languages Press, that together has originated a theoretical system that is flexible and adaptable, founded on a single party of Marxist ideology, which defends coexistence with capitalism, economic opening to obtain foreign investment, the integration of the different social strata and the reduction of inequality between them, as a means with which to structure the activity of this institution, which holds its primacy as a guide to Chinese society.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Borja García-Vázquez, Centro de Estudios Garrigues, España

Doctor en Métodos Alternos de Solución de Conflictos, por la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Responsable Académico del Grado en Derecho en Centro de Estudios Garrigues. Email: borjagarcia131@gmail.com. Orcid: Orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-6917

References

Arendt, H. (2020). Sobre la revolución. Alianza editorial.

Banco Mundial (2022). China. Banco Mundial. https://data.worldbank.org/country/china

Borón, A. (2006). La teoría marxista hoy. En A. Borón; J. Amadeo; S. González (Eds.), Problemas y perspectivas (pp. 35-54). Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales.

Blanchard, B. (2012). Xi Jinping´s journey from China party elite to party leader. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-congress-xi-idUSBRE8AE0BZ20121115

Bloomberg News (2009). China: Estimate of millionaires grows. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/16/business/global/16fobriefs-ESTIMATEOFMI_BRF.html?mtrref=www.google.com.mx&gwh=5B8DA80CBF80369373AA11303AECB5B7&gwt=pay&assetType=REGIWALL

Bregolat, E. (2008). La segunda revolución china. Ediciones Destino.

Brodersen, A. (1963). Crecimiento industrial y occidentalización en la Unión Soviética. Foro Internacional, 2(4), 147-183.

Buckley, C. (2013). China´s new leader Xi Jinping takes full power. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/15/world/asia/chinas-new-leader-xi-jinping-takes-full-power.html

Burn-Murdoch, J. (2012). China´s multimillionaires mapped: where do the wealthy live?. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/interactive/2012/oct/05/money-china-multimillionaires-regional-breakdown-beijing

Caputo, J. D. (2005). Sobre la religión. Editorial Tecnos.

Campbell, C. (2019, 23 de noviembre). The entire system is designated to suppress

us. What the chinese surveillance state means for the rest of the world. Time.com. https://time.com/5735411/china-surveillance-privacy-issues/

Castells Mendivil, A. (1977). La concepción marxista de las relaciones internacionales. Revista de Política Internacional, (153), 93-146.

Congreso Nacional Popular de República Popular China (2019, 20 de noviembre). Constitución de República Popular China. http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/constitution2019/201911/1f65146fb6104dd3a2793875d19b5b29.shtml

Deng, X. (1980). Answers to the italian journalist Oriana Fallaci. http://en.people.cn/dengxp/vol2/text/b1470.html

Deng, X. (1984). Textos escogidos (1975-1982). Ediciones en Lenguas Extranjeras.

Deng, X. (1985). Build Socialism with chinese characteristics. Foreign Languages Press.

Duchâtel, M. y Godement, F. (2009). China´s Politics under Hu Jintao. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/186810260903800301

Fernández Bermejo, V. (2010). ¿Es China hoy una nación comunista?. Tiempo y Sociedad, (3), 104-119.

Gottwald, J.C. (2016). China´s roles in international institutions. En S. Harnisch, S. Bersick, J.C. Gottwald (Eds.). China´s International Roles (127-144). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315692708-8

Hernández, J.C. (2018). China´s Leaders Confront an Unlikely Foe: Ardent Young Communists. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/28/world/asia/china-maoists-xi-protests.html

Hu, J. (2012). Texto íntegro del informe presentado por Hu Jintao ante el XVIII Congreso Nacional del PCCh. Spanish.china.org.cn. http://spanish.china.org.cn/specials/18da/2012-11/16/content_27137435_2.htm

Jiang, Z. (2002). On the three represents. Foreign Languages Press.

Jilin, X. (2018). Rethinking China´s Rise, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Lenin, V. (2010). ¿Qué hacer?. Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Comunicación y la Información.

Lenin, V. (2016). Imperialismo: la fase superior del capitalismo. Penguin Random House.

Li, H.Y. (2010). Instilling Stalinism in Chinese Party Members. En T.P. Bernstein y H.Y. Li (Eds.), China learns from the Soviet Union, 1949-present (107-130). Lexington Books.

Lin, C. (2006). La transformación del socialismo chino. Ediciones de Intervención Cultural/El Viejo Topo.

Lin, C. (2015). China y el capitalismo global. El Viejo Topo/Ediciones de Intervención Cultural.

Losurdo, D. (2021). La cuestión comunista. El Viejo Topo/Ediciones de Intervención Cultural.

Mansilla, H.C.F. (1986). Aspectos compartidos del socialismo en el tercer mundo: teoría y realidad de la modernización. Foro Internacional, XXXI (3), 373-384.

Mao, Z. (1937a). The tasks of the chinese communist party in the period of resistance to Japan. Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung, I. Foreing Languages Press. https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-1/mswv1_14.htm

Mao, Z. (1937b). On practice. Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung, I. Foreing Languages Press.

Mao, Z. (1937c). Interview with the British Journalist James Bertram. Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung, II. Foreing Languages Press. https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_05.htm#p5

Mao, Z. (1938). The role of the chinese communist party in the national war, october, 1938. Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung, II. Foreing Languages Press. https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_10.htm#p9

Mao, Z. (1940). On New Democracy. Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung, II. Foreing Languages Press https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_26.htm

Mao, Z. (1948). Carry the revolution throught to the end. Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung, IV. Foreing Languages Press. https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-4/mswv4_48.htm

Mao, Z. (1957). Speech at the Chinese Communist Party´s national conference on propaganda work. Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung, V. Foreing Languages Press.

Mao, Z. (1977). Citas del presidente Mao Tse-Tung. Ediciones de Lenguas Extranjeras.

Márdero Jiménez, G. G. (2017). Camaradas distantes: la relación entre China y la República Popular Democrática de Corea en la era del auge nuclear norcoreano. Foro Internacional, 4(230), 837-869. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.v52i4.2471

Marx, Karl (1848). Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei. Marxists.org. https://www.marxists.org/deutsch/archiv/marx-engels/1848/manifest/index.htm

Marx, Karl (1852). Der achtzehnte Brumaire des Louis Bonaparte. Marxists.org. https://www.marxists.org/deutsch/archiv/marx-engels/1852/brumaire/kapitel5.htm

Marx, K. (2009a). El Capital, libro tercero, volumen VI. Siglo XXI Editores.

Marx, K. (2009b). El Capital, libro tercero, volumen VIII. Siglo XXI Editores.

Moore, M. (2009, 16 de febrero). China´s next leader´ in hardline rant. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/4637039/Chinas-next-leader-in-hardline-rant.htm

Navarrete, J. E. (2013). China: el quinto relevo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Noesselt, N. (2016). China and socialist countries. En S. Harnisch, S. Bersick, J.C. Gottwald (Eds.). China´s International Roles (pp. 171-187). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315692708-10

North, D. C.y LeRoy Miller, R. (1976). El análisis económico de la usura, el crimen, la pobreza, etcétera. Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Observatorio de la política china (2013). Xi Jinping insta a adherirse a filosofía marxista. Observatorio de política china. http://politica-china.org/areas/sistema-politico/xi-jinping-insta-a-adherirse-a-filosofia-marxista

Observatorio de la política china (2018). China conmemora 200º aniversario de nacimiento de Karl Marx mientras Xi lidera nueva era. Observatorio de política china. http://politica-china.org/areas/sistema-politico/china-conmemora-200o-aniversario-de-nacimiento-de-karl-marx-mientras-xi-lidera-nueva-era

Poulantzas, N. (2005). Estado, poder y socialismo. Siglo XXI Editores.

Rodríguez, I. (2006). Continuidad y cambio en la República Popular China a través de su texto constitucional. Si somos americanos, revista de estudios transfronterizos, 8(2).

Rocha Pino, M. J. (2006). China en transformación: la doctrina del desarrollo pacífico. Foro Internacional, XLVI (4), 693-719.

Roll, E. (1955). Historia de las doctrinas económicas. Fondo de Cultura Económica.

Stephan, M. y Muscat, S. (2018). In Xi´s China, the party morphs into the state. Merics, Mercator Institute for China Studies. https://www.merics.org/en/blog/xis-china-party-morphs-state

Tamames, R. y Debasa, F. (2013). China tercer milenio. Editorial Planeta.

The New York Times (2018). China´s new billionaires are young, fast workers with an apetite for risk. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/29/business/dealbook/china-new-billionaires.html

Tiezzi, S. (2019). Xi Jinping continues his quest for absolute party control. The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/xi-jinping-continues-his-quest-for-absolute-party-control/

Trevaskes, S. (2019). Socialist Law. En C. Sorace, I. Franceschini, N. Loubere (Eds.). Afterlives of Chinese Communism: political concepts from Mao to Xi (pp. 251-256). Anu Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22459/ACC.2019.41

Wong, E. (2012). Ending Congress, China Presents New Leadership Headed by Xi Jinping. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/15/world/asia/communists-conclude-party-congress-in-china.html?ref=asia&_r=0

Westad, O. A. (2019). The Sources of Chinese Conduct. Foreign Affaris, september/october, 86-95.

Xi, J. (2014). Align our thinking with the guideline of the third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committeee. The governance of China. Foreign Languaje Press.

Xi, J. (2017). “Texto íntegro del informe presentado por Xi Jinping ante XIX Congreso Nacional de PCCh”, Observatorio de política china. http://politica-china.org/secciones/texto-integro-del-informe-presentado-por-xi-jinping-ante-xix-congreso-nacional-del-pcch

Xiaomei H. (2018). Un partido del que nació la fuerza del pueblo trabajador: el Partido Comunista de China. Revista Crítica de la Historia de las Relaciones Laborales y de la Política Social, 11, 141-152.

Xinhua (2006). New moral yardstick, 8 honors, 8 disgraces. http://www.gov.cn/english/2006-04/05/content_245361.htm

Xinhua (2017). XIX Congreso Nacional de PCCh. http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/temas/201710CNPCCh/index.htm

Published

2022-12-26

How to Cite

García-Vázquez, B. (2022). Key elements of socialism with Chinese characteristics: intellectual development up to Xi Jinping’s presidency. Política, Globalidad Y Ciudadanía, 9(17), 200. https://doi.org/10.29105/pgc9.17-09